Read the text and pay attention to Passive Voice
A Look at the Intriguing History of Snowboarding
By Keith Kingston
To
say
who
actually
invented
the
sport
of
snowboarding
would
be
impossible
because
people
have
always
loved
to
slide
down
a
snow-covered
hill.
Soaring
through
the
snow
on
some
kind
of
seat
or
board
is
nothing
new.
The
ways
to
enjoy
the
snow
are
numerous,
and
people
have
devised
ways
to
turn
garbage
can
lids
and
cardboard
into
‘snow
boards’
to
enjoy
an
afternoon
frolic
outdoors.
The
various
ways
to
glide
through
snow
have
become
more
sophisticated
and
have
evolved
into
using
polished
boards
or
skis
in
much
the
same
manner
as
a
surfboarder
would
ride
a
wave.
eng:
To
rus:
eng:
say
rus:
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who
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actually
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invented
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sport
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of
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snowboarding
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would
rus:
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be
rus:
eng:
impossible
rus:
eng:
because
rus:
eng:
people
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
always
rus:
eng:
loved
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
slide
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eng:
down
rus:
eng:
snowcovered
rus:
eng:
hill
rus:
eng:
Soaring
rus:
eng:
through
rus:
eng:
snow
rus:
eng:
on
rus:
eng:
some
rus:
eng:
kind
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
seat
rus:
eng:
or
rus:
eng:
board
rus:
eng:
is
rus:
eng:
nothing
rus:
eng:
new
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
ways
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
enjoy
rus:
eng:
snow
rus:
eng:
are
rus:
eng:
numerous
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
people
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
devised
rus:
eng:
ways
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
turn
rus:
eng:
garbage
rus:
eng:
can
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eng:
lids
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
cardboard
rus:
eng:
into
rus:
eng:
snow
rus:
eng:
boards
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
enjoy
rus:
eng:
afternoon
rus:
eng:
frolic
rus:
eng:
outdoors
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
various
rus:
eng:
ways
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
glide
rus:
eng:
through
rus:
eng:
snow
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
become
rus:
eng:
more
rus:
eng:
sophisticated
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
evolved
rus:
eng:
into
rus:
eng:
using
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eng:
polished
rus:
eng:
boards
rus:
eng:
or
rus:
eng:
skis
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
much
rus:
eng:
same
rus:
eng:
manner
rus:
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
surfboarder
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eng:
would
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eng:
ride
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eng:
wave
rus:
There
have
been
many
attempts
at
developing
a
modern
snowboard.
In
1965,
the
‘Snurfer’
(a
word
play
on
‘snow’
and
‘surfer’)
was developed
as
a
child’s
toy.
Two
skis
were bound
together
and
a
rope
was placed
at
the
front
end
to
afford
control
and
stability.
Over
500,000
‘Snurfers’
were sold
in
1966
but
they
were never seen
as
more
than
a
child's
plaything
even
though
organized
competitions
began
to
take
place.
The
year
1969
brought
a
slightly
more
sophisticated
snowboard
based
on
the
principles
of
skiing
combined
with
surfboard
styling.
eng:
There
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
been
rus:
eng:
many
rus:
eng:
attempts
rus:
eng:
at
rus:
eng:
developing
rus:
eng:
modern
rus:
eng:
snowboard
rus:
eng:
In
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
Snurfer
rus:
eng:
a
rus:
eng:
word
rus:
eng:
play
rus:
eng:
on
rus:
eng:
snow
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
surfer
rus:
eng:
was developed
rus:
был разработан
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
childs
rus:
eng:
toy
rus:
eng:
Two
rus:
eng:
skis
rus:
eng:
were bound
rus:
были соединены
eng:
together
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
rope
rus:
eng:
was placed
rus:
была размещена
eng:
at
rus:
eng:
front
rus:
eng:
end
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
afford
rus:
eng:
control
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
stability
rus:
eng:
Over
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
Snurfers
rus:
eng:
were sold
rus:
были проданы
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
but
rus:
eng:
they
rus:
eng:
were never seen
rus:
в них не видели
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
more
rus:
eng:
than
rus:
eng:
childs
rus:
eng:
plaything
rus:
eng:
even
rus:
eng:
though
rus:
eng:
organized
rus:
eng:
competitions
rus:
eng:
began
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
take
rus:
eng:
place
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
year
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
brought
rus:
eng:
slightly
rus:
eng:
more
rus:
eng:
sophisticated
rus:
eng:
snowboard
rus:
eng:
based
rus:
eng:
on
rus:
eng:
principles
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
skiing
rus:
eng:
combined
rus:
eng:
with
rus:
eng:
surfboard
rus:
eng:
styling
rus:
The
‘Flying
Yellow
Banana’
was developed
in
1977.
This
was
nothing
more
than
a
plastic
shell
covered
with
a
top
surface
like
that
of
a
skateboard,
but
at
the
time
it
was considered
a
major
advance
in
the
little
known
sport
of
snowboarding.
The
first
national
snowboard
race
was held
in
the
area
outside
Woodstock
and
was known
as
‘The
Suicide
Six.’
The
race
consisted
of
a
steep
downhill
run
called
The
Face
in
which
the
main
goal
was
probably
mere
survival.
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
Flying
rus:
eng:
Yellow
rus:
eng:
Banana
rus:
eng:
was developed
rus:
был разработан
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
This
rus:
eng:
was
rus:
eng:
nothing
rus:
eng:
more
rus:
eng:
than
rus:
eng:
plastic
rus:
eng:
shell
rus:
eng:
covered
rus:
eng:
with
rus:
eng:
top
rus:
eng:
surface
rus:
eng:
like
rus:
eng:
that
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
skateboard
rus:
eng:
but
rus:
eng:
at
rus:
eng:
time
rus:
eng:
it
rus:
eng:
was considered
rus:
считался
eng:
major
rus:
eng:
advance
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
little
rus:
eng:
known
rus:
eng:
sport
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
first
rus:
eng:
national
rus:
eng:
snowboard
rus:
eng:
race
rus:
eng:
was held
rus:
проводилась
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
area
rus:
eng:
outside
rus:
eng:
Woodstock
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
was known
rus:
был известен
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
Suicide
rus:
eng:
Six
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
race
rus:
eng:
consisted
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
steep
rus:
eng:
downhill
rus:
eng:
run
rus:
eng:
called
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
Face
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
which
rus:
eng:
main
rus:
eng:
goal
rus:
eng:
was
rus:
eng:
probably
rus:
eng:
mere
rus:
eng:
survival
rus:
Snowboarding
continued
to
increase
in
popularity
over
the
next
several
years.
In
1985
the
first
magazine
dedicated
specifically
to
snowboarding
hit
the
news
stands
with
huge
success
and
furthered
the
popularity
of
this
exciting
sport.
Hoards
of
fans
began
to
organize
regional
events
and
pretty
soon
snowboarding
events
were held
in
all
parts
of
the
world.
In
the
year
1994
snowboarding
was finally declared
an
Olympic
event,
much
to
the
delight
of
fans.
The
not-so-new
sport
of
snowboarding
was finally recognized
and
meant
a
huge
victory
for
serious
snowboarders
across
the
globe.
eng:
Snowboarding
rus:
eng:
continued
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
increase
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
popularity
rus:
eng:
over
rus:
eng:
next
rus:
eng:
several
rus:
eng:
years
rus:
eng:
In
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
first
rus:
eng:
magazine
rus:
eng:
dedicated
rus:
eng:
specifically
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
hit
rus:
eng:
news
rus:
eng:
stands
rus:
eng:
with
rus:
eng:
huge
rus:
eng:
success
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
furthered
rus:
eng:
popularity
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
this
rus:
eng:
exciting
rus:
eng:
sport
rus:
eng:
Hoards
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
fans
rus:
eng:
began
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
organize
rus:
eng:
regional
rus:
eng:
events
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
pretty
rus:
eng:
soon
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
events
rus:
eng:
were held
rus:
проводились
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
all
rus:
eng:
parts
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
world
rus:
eng:
In
rus:
eng:
year
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
was finally declared
rus:
был наконец объявлен
eng:
Olympic
rus:
eng:
event
rus:
eng:
much
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
delight
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
fans
rus:
eng:
The
rus:
eng:
notsonew
rus:
eng:
sport
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
was finally recognized
rus:
был наконец признан
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
meant
rus:
eng:
huge
rus:
eng:
victory
rus:
eng:
for
rus:
eng:
serious
rus:
eng:
snowboarders
rus:
eng:
across
rus:
eng:
globe
rus:
A
collection
of
snowboarding
tricks
and
stunts
was released
on
video
in
1996.
Filmed
in
Alaska,
the
breathtaking
beauty
and
captivating
snowboarding
techniques
featured
in
the
video
exposed
snowboarding
to
a
new
generation,
and
by
1998
snowboarding
constituted
almost
50%
of
all
winter
activity.
Today,
nearly
all
ski
resorts
accept
snowboarders.
There
are
still
a
few
holding
on
to
the
past
but
this
is
unlikely
to
continue
as
the
number
of
snowboarders
continually
increases.
eng:
A
rus:
eng:
collection
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
tricks
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
stunts
rus:
eng:
was released
rus:
была выпущена
eng:
on
rus:
eng:
video
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
Filmed
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
Alaska
rus:
eng:
breathtaking
rus:
eng:
beauty
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
captivating
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
techniques
rus:
eng:
featured
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
video
rus:
eng:
exposed
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
new
rus:
eng:
generation
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
by
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
constituted
rus:
eng:
almost
rus:
eng:
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
all
rus:
eng:
winter
rus:
eng:
activity
rus:
eng:
Today
rus:
eng:
nearly
rus:
eng:
all
rus:
eng:
ski
rus:
eng:
resorts
rus:
eng:
accept
rus:
eng:
snowboarders
rus:
eng:
There
rus:
eng:
are
rus:
eng:
still
rus:
eng:
few
rus:
eng:
holding
rus:
eng:
on
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
past
rus:
eng:
but
rus:
eng:
this
rus:
eng:
is
rus:
eng:
unlikely
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
continue
rus:
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
number
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
snowboarders
rus:
eng:
continually
rus:
eng:
increases
rus:
From
the
first
crudely
built
snowboards
to
the
advanced
and
specialized
models
available
today,
snowboarders
have
carried
a
‘bad
boy’
image.
This
rebel
reputation
is
still
common
today
in
spite
of
the
fact
that
snowboarding
appeals
to
men,
women,
and
children
of
all
nationalities
and
social
groups.
At
most
major
ski
resorts
you
can
find
snowboarding
gear,
information,
and
lessons.
Olympic
and
world
wide
snowboarding
events
are
among
the
most
popular
of
winter
sports
and
the
competition
to
be
the
best
is
fierce.
eng:
From
rus:
eng:
first
rus:
eng:
crudely
rus:
eng:
built
rus:
eng:
snowboards
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
advanced
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
specialized
rus:
eng:
models
rus:
eng:
available
rus:
eng:
today
rus:
eng:
snowboarders
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
carried
rus:
eng:
bad
rus:
eng:
boy
rus:
eng:
image
rus:
eng:
This
rus:
eng:
rebel
rus:
eng:
reputation
rus:
eng:
is
rus:
eng:
still
rus:
eng:
common
rus:
eng:
today
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
spite
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
fact
rus:
eng:
that
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
appeals
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
men
rus:
eng:
women
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
children
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
all
rus:
eng:
nationalities
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
social
rus:
eng:
groups
rus:
eng:
At
rus:
eng:
most
rus:
eng:
major
rus:
eng:
ski
rus:
eng:
resorts
rus:
eng:
you
rus:
eng:
can
rus:
eng:
find
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
gear
rus:
eng:
information
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
lessons
rus:
eng:
Olympic
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
world
rus:
eng:
wide
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
events
rus:
eng:
are
rus:
eng:
among
rus:
eng:
most
rus:
eng:
popular
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
winter
rus:
eng:
sports
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
competition
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
be
rus:
eng:
best
rus:
eng:
is
rus:
eng:
fierce
rus:
Retailers
nation
wide
and
around
the
world
carry
many
types
of
snowboards,
and
the
choice
in
specially
made
snowboarding
gear
is
immense.
Snowboarders
have
participated
in
the
X
Games
and
even
charity
events
such
as
Boarding
for
Breast
Cancer.
From
its
early
meager
beginnings
snowboarding
has
progressed
into
a
fully
recognized
sport,
and
large
numbers
of
people
are
turning
to
snowboarding
for
adventure,
fun,
and
professional
recognition.
eng:
Retailers
rus:
eng:
nation
rus:
eng:
wide
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
around
rus:
eng:
world
rus:
eng:
carry
rus:
eng:
many
rus:
eng:
types
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
snowboards
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
choice
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
specially
rus:
eng:
made
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
gear
rus:
eng:
is
rus:
eng:
immense
rus:
eng:
Snowboarders
rus:
eng:
have
rus:
eng:
participated
rus:
eng:
in
rus:
eng:
X
rus:
eng:
Games
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
even
rus:
eng:
charity
rus:
eng:
events
rus:
eng:
such
rus:
eng:
as
rus:
eng:
Boarding
rus:
eng:
for
rus:
eng:
Breast
rus:
eng:
Cancer
rus:
eng:
From
rus:
eng:
its
rus:
eng:
early
rus:
eng:
meager
rus:
eng:
beginnings
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
has
rus:
eng:
progressed
rus:
eng:
into
rus:
eng:
fully
rus:
eng:
recognized
rus:
eng:
sport
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
large
rus:
eng:
numbers
rus:
eng:
of
rus:
eng:
people
rus:
eng:
are
rus:
eng:
turning
rus:
eng:
to
rus:
eng:
snowboarding
rus:
eng:
for
rus:
eng:
adventure
rus:
eng:
fun
rus:
eng:
and
rus:
eng:
professional
rus:
eng:
recognition
rus:
